Glossary

Industry: Includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing and electricity, and the gas and water sectors.

Commercial energy: Defined as the sum of all primary and secondary energy that can be used directly, other than electricity. Electricity has been converted to primary energy using the all-India average conversion factor for primary energy to electricity for respective years. Instead of crude oil, the study considers petroleum products.

This definition has been adapted to comparing energy use in the industrial sectors the study has focused on. Converting electricity to primary energy became necessary because the sectors reported energy data as fuel and purchased power. In this study, fuel is used for power generation as well as for process use.

BAU: The business as usual scenario is based on changes these sectors are already making, and will surely put in, to improve on energy use and consumption, and on greenhouse gas emissions. Industry initiative is proactive; yet, it is possible to be impatient.

Due to the high cost of fuel and electricity, incremental annual improvements in energy efficiency are expected in all old plants, even without a major policy push. The sectors are also expected to retrofit or retire obsolete technology. New plants are expected to install the latest, efficient, technologies as long as they are cost competitive.

LC: In which Indian industry will adopt the more promising of the best available technologies. In which there will be large-scale deployment of renewable energy technologies in power sector.

Low carbon assumes there are promising technologies Indian industry will not adopt without a policy push, or cannot adopt them due to cost and/or resource constraints, investor confidence or other factors.