Channels and valleys observed on the Martian surface and meteorites of Martian origin indicate that once there might have been water on the planet
IN 1877 Italian astronomer Giovanni
pwelli observed on the planet
curious markings that he called
11channels). The discovery caused
r to wonder if these channels
A the creation of intelligent
kas. In the 1890s, American
Omer Percival Lowell went so far
maest that the channels were
is of crop fields fed by a planet
bription network.
Ow"er, Lowell's theory, long
vigorously, was finally dis
fantasy in the light of photo
nce from the us spacecraft,
which flew past the planet in
ner's testimony notwith
ientists still speculate about
sc
and watery past.
Recently, US scientist, studying a
awteorites that are believed to
ated on Mars, concluded
probably did exist on the
the early years of its existence.
They found that the deuterium (a rare
form of hydrogen that weighs almost
twice as much as the common form) to
hydrogen ratio in water found on these
meteorites was 5 times that found on
Mars' surface today. But it was the same
as that in the Martian atmosphere. This
suggests that shortly after the planet was
formed, any water on its surface disappeared as tectonic and meteoritic
impacts hurled jnost of the hydrogen
into the atmosphere (Nature, Vol 370,
No 6488).
Indications of water on the s
of the planet have come from 2
sources: the lie of the Martian lav
rites
r1n 1971, the us spacecraft
9 which orbited Mars revealed ch
confirming Schiaparelli's observ
and valleys on the Martian face
theorists believe, were sculpted b
ing water. Water could have str
only if the Martian surface was n
er than UPC, when water turns to
Mars today is a cold desert with
perature of about -55'C. Fluic
cannot exist under this conditi
can life.
Therefore, if early Mars was
warmer, what made it so? Says
scientist Jayant Kar of the Delh
National Physical Laboratory,
recently, it was believed that car
could have been warmed subsc
by the greenhouse effect of a del
bon dioxide atmosphere. But th
problem. Mars receives only
as much light as Earth does because
seems to be tective ice cover, similar
to what one sees in
subterranean Antarctica today.
It appears that the
Martian picture is still
hazy. Says astronomer
Steven Squyres of Cornell University in the us,
"We really have too few
observations of Mar to
answer many of the most basic questions about the planet. What is needed
now is further exploration."
Indeed, us scientists are thinking of
launching a comprehensive mission to
map the planet's surface, deploy network stations there, and to bring samples of Martian materials back to Earth
for analysis.
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