Although women did not figure prominently in this year's elections, women power definitely proved to be a very heady potion for aspiring candidates
AS THE poll date neared, notes on issues
such as gender, justice and natural
resource management often got lost
in the noise of campaign slogans.
Conventionally, such issues are considered psephologically insignificant. But
this time, although women do not really
figure prominently in the mandate of
1996, issues like prohibition, pushed
strongly by women, received much
attention.
Women's representation this time
has been negligible. According to a press
statement issued by a consortium of
18 centres for women's studies and
empowerment, the number of women
candidates was barely three per cent.
"We have lost faith," says Mohini
Girl, chairperson of the National
Commission for Women (NCW), whose
political core group meeting on April 11
took stock of the situation.
The trend, however, has been mixed:
No mainstream political party or
alliance gave adequate representation to
Women.
Simultaneously, where women
could successfully organise and push a
social agenda like prohibition, political
parties followed suit.
Natural resource issues, often
concerning the politically powerless
tribals, remained mostly in the back-
ground. They occupied centrestage only
wherever deemed as enticing election
issues.
The ruling Congress(i) could field
only 47 women candidates, the National
Front-Left combine, 30; and the
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), two. The
NCW finds it a let-down, says Giri, especially after the high of the Beijing
Conference and 33 per cent women's
representation in panchayats and zila,
parishads.
Of late, there has been a downsliche
in women's participation in mainstream
politics. Th4 tenth Lok Sabha had
only 39 women members (total strength
545). In contrast, in 1984, soon after
the assassination of the ex-Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi, 150 women
candidates were elected. This would
indicate that womens' representation
is generally determined by the leadership's attitude,
more than anything else.
This time, Girt
drew up two lists of
40 women candidates each and
submitted them to
Prime Minister P V
NArasimha Rao and the Bit, leader L K
Advani. But according to Gin, the leaders were interested only in "winning
candidates".
Undaunted, the NCW is working on
a bill to ensure at least 33 per cent
representation of women in the future
elections. Also, the Ncw has commissioned six groups to study the
campaign mode and poll issues of
women candidates.
Meanwhile, Women's Political
Watch (WPW), a group committed to
ensuring womens' role in public policy
and political leadership, has come out
with a manifesto. The wpw manifesto's
highlights include a full-fledged
ministry for womens' development
and constitutional amendment to
ensure 33 per cent representation in
party echelons and public offices.
One social issue pushed by women
that has found resonance with mainstream political parties is prohibition.
During the last Andhra Pradesh
assembly general elections, the Telugu
Desam Party (TDP) romped home
victorious aided greatly by its women
power. In Nellore, where anti-alcohol
movement led by neo-literate women
had gained momentum three years ago,
the TDP found an instant support base.
Almost on a cue, Kerala's Congress
chief ministerIA K Anthony imposed a
ban on arrack-earlier this year, sharply
hiked the price of Indian made foreign
liquor and promised to bring about
total prolbibition if he was re-elected.
Reportedly, a state that loves its ruddy
cup a little too dearly, the move has
brought upon Anthony the wrath of the
moneyed liquor lobby and attack workers and their dependents numbering
800,000. But then, it has definitely
enhanced his clean image and
popularised him with the women.
In Haryana too, the state government has closed down rural liquor
shops since April 1. Bhajan Lal's
Haryana Vikas Party has promised
prohibition if voted to power.
incidentally, his opponent Bansi Lal has
also promised the same.
At a recent meet in New Delhi of
womens' organisations from 12 states of
women against alcohol, decision was
taken to push for prohibition at local
levels. Significantly, in Chhattisgarh and
Uttarakhand regions, women campaigning against alcohol are a force to
reckon with. in Madhya Pradesh, the
new women's policy that awaits legislation, has provision for the closure of
liquor vends if more than 50 per cent of
the local women oppose it.
As for natural resources, Orissa's
tribal women are continuing their
Struggle for rights over broom grass
which is their Source of livelihood. In
Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, bacm (a
wild grass used for making rope)
workers and dependents numbering
around 60,000, led by the NGO Vikalpa,
have demanded written assurances
from all electioneering candidates for
access to bacin from Rajaji National
Park. With the setting up of the park,
local women were denied access to
the raw material. In the last elections,
baan workers had supported the
National Front-Left candidates en masse.
As in the past, mainstream parties
have demonstrated again that they
can bring about social changes by taking
up vital issues if they want to - only if
there are votes involved.
We are a voice to you; you have been a support to us. Together we build journalism that is independent, credible and fearless. You can further help us by making a donation. This will mean a lot for our ability to bring you news, perspectives and analysis from the ground so that we can make change together.
Comments are moderated and will be published only after the site moderator’s approval. Please use a genuine email ID and provide your name. Selected comments may also be used in the ‘Letters’ section of the Down To Earth print edition.