
The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (Bimstec) is an international organisation of seven South and Southeast Asian nations, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Thailand. These nations represent an economic zone with a population of over 1.5 billion and combined gross domestic product GDP of over $3.4 trillion.
This international initiative for cooperation is monumental, with 14-point objectives and priorities highlighting investments in each others' economies, boosting regional trade and commerce, facilitating and building regional transport and communication, exchange technology, promote tourism, develop human resources, provide boost to local agriculture, fisheries, textile and leather industry development, etc.
Different Bimstec centres have been established to emphasise the growth and development of these priority sectors to achieve the main objectives in a timely fashion.
Other priorities include active collaboration and cooperation among member nations in exchanging and promoting indigenous science and technological developments; and extending mutual assistance to one another in the realms of people-to-people contact, socio-cultural and socio-economic exchanges, promoting education, understanding; and further strengthening strategic and diplomatic ties.
However, the initiative has been criticised to be a covert agenda to bypass the stagnant and almost non-functional South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (Saarc) due to perpetual India-Pakistan geopolitical confrontations.
It has been alleged that India initiated Bimstec to exert her socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural influence on adjoining countries, and keeping Pakistan and China out of the equation.
There is no doubt that Saarc has lost its credibility, relevance and importance, moving towards becoming a dysfunctional organisation. It has been party due to India’s failure as an emergent global power to win the trust and cooperation of all member nations as well as several unwanted and non-cooperative obstacles put forward by Pakistan.
However, I sincerely believe that Bimstec could serve as the much-needed free trade and communication bridge between South and Southeast Asia in the long run.
It will prove to be extremely useful in bringing together the Saarc and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) for the coordinated and simultaneous development of South and Southeast Asia.
Furthermore, India has already established strong collaboration and friendship with Iran and Afghanistan on her western flank bypassing Pakistan completely.
Through Bimstec, India has also been successful in developing a platform of cooperation, connecting her immediate northern, eastern and south eastern neighbours comprehensively.
Bimstec will help develop and connect much neglected eastern and north eastern Indian states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, West Bengal, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura to an international trade route that will promote tourism, trade and commerce, transport and communication, education and research as well as better rates of employment across Nepal, Bhutan, eastern and northeast India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Thailand.
Key miss
The only one potential missing member that should have been integrated and incorporated in the Bimstec equation has been the island nation of Maldives. Hopefully, Maldives with its new political government and open attitude will join Bimstec to make it much stronger and well coordinated for Indian Ocean nations.
However, the Bimstec points and objectives lack emphasis on conservation efforts for the protection of regional ecosystems and environment across the seven member-nations.
The opportunities are enormous and could easily benefit a vast number of marginal communities living in these countries like ethnic tribal communities, landless marginal labourers, tribal or aboriginal communities, communities deeply associated with forest for their sustenance.
The Bimstec platform could prove to be an ideal international platform for developing a joint conservation initiative (JCI) between the member nations. It could successfully promote an international model for close collaboration, cooperation, coordination and communication (4Cs) in the protection and conservation of regional forests, wildlife and biodiversity of South and Southeast Asia.
There is no doubt that this one of the most spectacular biodiverse region of the world and home to numerous vertebrates (fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals) and invertebrates (porifera, ctenophora, coelenterates, platyhelminths, nemathalminths, annelids, arthropods, molluscs and echinoderms); both terrestrial and aquatic.
This region also represents wide diversity of different algae and sea weeds, fungi, myxomycetes, lichens, bryophytes (such as hepatics, horneophytes and mosses), pteridophytes (lycopodium, selaginella, psilotum, horsetails, eusporangiate and leptosporangiate ferns), gymnosperms (open seeded flowering plants) and angiosperms (close seeded flowering plants).
It is important to mention this is home to a large number of global wildlife such as Asiatic lions, one horned Indian rhinoceros, stripped hyenas, wild dogs, wild ass; as well different species and sub species of Asiatic elephants, pangolins, rodents and ant eaters, deer and antelopes, wild sheep and wild goats, apes (gibbons), monkeys, wolves, foxes, jackals, civets, bearcats, leopard cats, fishing cats, jungle cats, tigers, leopards, snow leopards, clouded leopards, bears, bats, fishes, insects, crocodiles, snakes, tortoise, geckos, monitor lizards, skinks, toads and frogs, salamanders and newts, spectacular coral reefs and associated marine species, freshwater and marine dolphins and turtles, wide diversity of resistant and migrant birds to mention only a handful.
The entire region is booming with spectacular biodiversity. However, the region is also densely populated and there are numerous associated challenges such as habitat encroachment, illegal settlements in restricted forest belts, habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation, illegal grazing, uncontrolled forest fires, natural disasters (cyclone, earthquake, floods and draughts), unplanned infrastructural developments, expansion of industrial belts and agricultural plots close to forests, poaching, hunting, illegal wildlife trafficking, high demand for bush meat as well as transmission of diseases to wildlife from domestic animals.
The entire region is impacted by high rates of poaching and hunting (for bush meat and fishes); and safely wildlife trafficking for animal organs (gall bladder, brain, eyes, embryos, heart, liver, kidneys, body fat, reproductive organs) and body parts (skulls, skeletons, teeth, bones, skins, furs, pelts, hairs, horns, antlers) for illegal wildlife markets operating in southern China, Hong Kong and certain pockets of Southeast Asia such as Cambodia, Vietnam, Laos, Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia.
Hence, it is absolutely important that Bimstec nations join hands for the purpose of conservation of their precious natural resources in the form of freshwater, brackish water and marine ecosystems, local forests and wildlife and regional biodiversity through a JCI.
A JCI between the Bimstec member nations can not only contribute towards the conservation of natural resources; but will help build trust and economic prosperity on either side of the international boundaries.
Increased surveillance and joint monitoring can help reduce the level of criminal and insurgent activities along international borders; and bring peace, prosperity and tranquility between the countries while helping in long-term conservation of local and regional ecosystems, forests, wildlife and biodiversity.
Some important recommendations suggested for Bimstec nations towards 4Cs for successful long-term conservation of local forests, wildlife and biodiversity are listed below: