Burning at both ends: Beedi-making in India's forests is replete with tendu trails and tobacco tales

Tendu leaves play a crucial role in the traditional beedi industry in India. These leaves, sourced from tendu or East Indian ebony tree (Diospyros melanoxylon), are used for their texture and durability, making them ideal for rolling tobacco.

The collection of tendu leaves is a seasonal activity, typically taking place during the summer months.

It's a major livelihood for tribal and rural communities across states like Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Maharashtra and Jharkhand. Entire families often get involved in gathering, sorting and bundling the leaves, which are then sold either to government cooperatives or private contractors.

Beedi making itself is a labour-intensive, home-based industry that employs millions of people across India, particularly women. After the tendu leaves are dried and bundled, they are sent to beedi workers who roll tobacco into them by hand and tie them off with string.

It’s a skill passed down through generations, and for many families, it's a primary source of income.