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Migrant labourers in Delhi form a crucial part of the capital's workforce, playing an essential role in its rapid urbanisation and growth.
Many of these workers come from rural areas across India, particularly from states such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Jharkhand.
They are drawn to Delhi by the promise of better employment prospects, especially in sectors like construction, domestic work, manufacturing and services. Back home, their agricultural fields have turned barren and the vicious cycle of poverty urges them to leave their loved ones behind and migrate to Delhi and sacrifice their lives for a livelihood.
In the sprawling urban environment of Delhi, migrant labourers often take up jobs that are low-paid and physically demanding.
A large number of them are involved in the construction of buildings, roads and other infrastructure, which are vital for the city’s continued expansion.
Despite their significant contribution to the economy, these workers face harsh conditions, including long working hours and limited access to basic facilities like decent housing, healthcare, and sanitation. Many live in overcrowded slums or temporary shelters on construction sites, often struggling with poor living standards.
The migrant labour force in Delhi is also highly vulnerable to exploitation. Workers frequently receive less than the wages they are entitled to and their rights — such as access to social security or legal protections — are not always upheld.
A combination of factors, including a lack of formal documentation, language barriers, and the seasonal nature of many jobs, makes it difficult for them to claim their rights or seek legal redress. In addition, many of these workers are employed in unsafe conditions with little regard for their wellbeing.