The desolation around Udaipur in Rajasthan is giving way to vegetation through the efforts of cooperative societies
Brotherhood of greens
A QUIET revolution is gradually transforming the landscape in the villages of
Rajasthan's Udaipur district, turning
barren and denuded land into thriving
patches of green vegetation; Sangwa is one
such village. On August 4, Jagdish
Chandra Ameta proudly received the
Indira Priyadarshim Vriksharmtra Award
for 1993, given to the Sangwa Primary
Farm Forestry Cooperative Society
(urcs). As the society's chairperson, Ameta knew the hurdles
the cooperative had had to cross in its onerous responsibility
of greening wastelands.
Plantation work in the village had begun in 1987, with the
Indian Farmers Fertiliser's Cooperative Ltd (IFFCO) - which
markets and manufactures fertilisers - trying to promote
plantations on farmers' lands. Says Ameta, "At first the
farmers were wary Of IFFCO'S motive. They feared they
would lose their lands." The IFFCO, on its part, leased
land from the Mavli panchayat samiti, of which Sangwa is a
part. The success of these plantations - which cover 161 ha in
the village - encouraged the local farmers to participate in
the initiative, thus raising the membership of the PFFCS
from 50 to 206.
"Our primary aim behind encouraging plantations was of
providing employment and a reliable source for grass and
fuelwood," says Ameta. The PFFCS in neighbouring
Chande-sara, a village located 20 km from Udaipur on the
Udaipur Khemli railway track, professes a similar purpose.
Deforesta-tion and soil erosion have taken a heavy toll of the
village land. out of a total area of 2,396 ha under the gram
panchayat, only 521 ha: is arable, the remaining 1,875 ha being
wasteland. About 78 per cent of the land in the village is
highly degraded, hilly, undulating and devoid of
any source of irrigation.
Struck by an acute shortage of fuetwood
and fodder, Chandesara had to be saved through
the intervention Of IFFCO, which organised a
PFFCS in the area. Potential areas (under the
Ownership of the pnnchayat) for afforestation
were identified - which the panchayat leased
out to the cooperative through a resolution
and plantation work started in 1988. The
initial funds for soil working and pit digging
came from the famine relief programme of the
state government.
Based on an IFFCO - recommended, village level farm forestry
Programme has been undertaken, which is been implemented by the registered Chandesara PFFCS. The programme aims at
affourestation of wastelands,
additional and gainful employrnew
the villagers, creation of awareness
afforestation through cooperative
and strengthening the linkages
villagers and government institut
departments.
Forty-year old Chunnibai, a
Bhil (one of the local tribes)
the Chandesara. PFFCS board,
incipient difficulties the society had to encounter.
idea of plantations came up, there was an uproar in the
'How can we allow our grazing lands to be taken away', Pago
felt. But we managed to convince them it was for their be
fit," Chunnibai recounts. Additional problems cropped
when the society's member in charge of finances d=
with the membership fees of the villagers in 1994. This hi
restricted the membership to 52 out of a total of 200 fanum
in the village, However, Chandesara managed to get over
initial hiccups successfully.
Assisted by the IFFCO'S technical and institutional supposh
the Chandesara society project has been funded by to
National Wastelands Development Board (NWDB) am
Department of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (D%Es)
NWDB has provided Rs 5 lakh, while the DNEs has pro
Rs 10.08 lakh for the project. Financial aid to the socketq
is routed through the IFFCO. Says S L Intodia. propas
executive, ui,co, "Technical and financial inputs are from
nFco. But the outputs, the benefits, are the societies'. Mayft
in another 10 years, the societies will become fin"
independent."
Three nurseries set up under the project in Chan"
have turned out about 2.9 lakh seedlings in the past 4 year.
Out of these - about 10.5 thousand seedlings have been
mobvited to farmers for homestead and private land
ode& 'Me remaining seedlings have been planted under
roonamunity land afforestation programme. With the per
ft coo of plantation working out to be between Rs 8,000
Its 12.000 per ha, about 8 ha of private and 175 ha of
pe i I lands have been afforested under the programme.
Keeping the low moisture-holding capacity of the local
10 Charidesara and other villages of the region in mind,
Go of stone check dams have been constructed on the
nation sites, which have helped in soil and moisture
wwrvation. The survival of trees near these sod-moisture
gmrv&Wn structures is significantly high. Various other
Npores Ue staggered trenches and box-cum pit technique
plaiting are being proposed in the future plantation works.
cwastruction and maintenance work is done by the themselves.
The selection of species of trees - 40 per cent of which
doelwood species, 40 per cent timber and 20 per cent
k- Ims also been done in accordance with the preferences
din local community. Most of the species (sheesham,
mm Ahmir, ber) are multipurpose and compatible with the
Map*-dignatic conditions. Fodder is contained mainly in
f@ o(grasses and the tops and tops of fuelwood and
timber species.
The 53-member Chandesara cooperative society, under
chairpersonship of the village sarpanch (head of the
ishaps), has been entrusted with the task of protecting
plutations from illegal grazing and felling. Efforts are
ig amode to enlarge the membership and increase the
=Wofthe project by involving all the resident villagers.
Pksmst important benefit from the project has been the
im availability of the Cenchrus ciliaris fodder grass
from the Central Arid Zone Research Institute),
to both Chunnibai and Ameta. This increase in the
of grass has resulted in higher milk production.
71his grass has proved nutritious; the cattle have
to it.' The villagers in Chandesara pay a token
Its 10-15 per person for harvesting my amount of
grass. The subsidised rates for grass collection are decided in a
general body meeting of the society. The net income to the
Chandesara society from the sale of grass (1990-94) has
been Rs 15,904; the sale of seedlings in the same period
has afforded an additional net income amounting to
Rs 54,728. The proceeds from the sales are being used for
village development works.
The initial work of generating awareness and motivation
about the project had been done by the functionaries of trico.
The IFFco has also undertaken various extension activities
including slide shows, visits to kisan melas and training
programmes.
Promoting peoples' participation and bringing people
under the cooperative fold for forestry activities have proved
to be a slow process because no immediate gains have been
visible. Wage earning remains the prime factor motivating the
people in the area. The programme's impact is now apparent
in Chandesara, as it has helped create about 54,000 human-
days of employment through activities such as nursery raising,
soil working, soil-moisture conservation works and planting
since its inception. What is more important is that substantial
and invaluable assets in terms of fuelwood and fodder planta-
tions have been created for the villagers on the panchayatland.
Discussions with the villagers have increasingly highlighted the fact that the programme needs external support for 1 or
2 more years before it can become totally self-reliant; this is
mainly because of the programme's high gestation period.
Perceptible increases in assets creation, income and local
awareness, however, indicate that the society is progressing
towards better standards of living. Future plans are ambitious.
In the case of Sangwa, Ameta says, "Now that our primary
objectives of providing grass, fuel and employment have been
fulfilled, we can think of investing the society's money elsewhere. We want to start tailoring classes for women, so that
they can earn additional income."
The Cbandesara project is creating a demonstration effect.
A number of similar cooperative societies formed at other
places in Udaipur and in Sultanpur district (Uttar Pradesh),
are reported to be running successfully.
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