Despite an expenditure of billions of rupees on various studies connected with the Baghmati river and Kathmandu valley's development, no concrete plans have emerged for the cleanup of the rivers in the region. Vast sums of money have also been spent on the rivers in Kathmandu valley -- Baghmati, Bishnumati, Dhobikhola, Haumante and Tukuchha -- but they are still being used as severage systems for the city's 1.5 million people. Industrial waste is also dumped into the river. At a programme organised by the National Concern Society in Kathmandu recently experts felt that there is a total lack of accountability and coordination among the groups concerned with rivers.