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1 - The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework was adopted in December 2022 following a four-year consultation and negotiation process. The framework, which supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and builds on the Convention’s previous Strategic Plans, sets out an ambitious pathway to reach the global vision of a world living in harmony with nature by 2050. Among the framework’s key elements are four goals for 2050 and 23 targets for 2030. The 2030 targets are on reducing threats to biodiversity, meeting people’s needs through sustainable use and benefit-sharing, and tools and solutions for implementation and mainstreaming.
2 - The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 SDGs, which are an urgent call for action by all countries in a global partnership. They recognise that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand in hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality and spur economic growth—all while tackling climate change and preserving oceans and forests. 169 TARGETS UNDER 17 GOALS
3 - The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), put in force in 1975, provides a global framework for the legal and sustainable international trade in CITES-listed species. Its strategic vision for 2021-30 has the primary goal of ensuring that by 2030, all international trade in wild fauna and flora is legal and sustainable, consistent with the long-term conservation of species, and thereby contributing to halting biodiversity loss, ensuring its sustainable use, and achieving the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 1 TARGET
4 - The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a landmark international treaty adopted on September 16, 1987, aimed at phasing out the production and consumption of nearly 100 human-made chemicals known as ozone-depleting substances. It has a target of phasing out hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) by 2030. 1 TARGET
5 - Launched in 2021, the Global Methane Pledge, with 159 countries, commits to collectively reducing methane emissions by at least 30 per cent below 2020 levels by 2030. 1 TARGET
6 - The UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), as part of its 2018-30 strategic framework, has a target to restore 1.5 billion hectares of degraded land to achieve land degradation neutrality by 2030.
7 - The World Health Organization has extended its nutrition targets from 2025 to 2030, aiming to eliminate all forms of malnutrition and achieve universal coverage for essential nutrition services. 6 TARGETS
This was first published in the 1-15 January, 2025 Print edition of Down To Earth