representatives of India's pulp and paper industry met the Green Rating Project (
grp ) unit of the Centre for Science and Environment, New Delhi, to take stock of their environmental performance more than one year after the release of the first ever environmental rating of its kind in the country. On September 26, 2000, the corporate heads of the sector and
cse got together to assess the developments in the industry's perception of the rating process. Various companies reported the changes they had engineered towards cleaner operations and greater efficiency as a result of the rating.
In
1999 the
grp unit asked the paper and pulp industry of India to bare all and come clean on its environmental record. Commendably, the industry responded positively. The
grp unit of
cse rated the industry for its environmental performance. The objective was two-fold. One, to create a system where a kind of performance anxiety could drive the companies into doing better. Two, to raise awareness level among the top managers of the industry regarding corporate environmental responsibilities. As Chandra Bhushan, coordinator of the
grp unit of
cse says, "
grp does not intend to criticise the industry but to encourage it towards greater community participation."
Two years of hard labour, detailed investigation and comprehensive exchange of information between the industry members and
cse led to the first ever ratings of the kind in India.
Usually, one would hear stories of the casual and callous attitude of the corporate world towards environmental concerns. The pulp and paper industry was said to be especially notorious for the lack of transparency about environmental matters. But the industry, after initial hesitation, had shown a healthy maturity in divulging information and interacting with honesty.
The assessment On July 18, 1999, the rating was released and presented to the president the next day. Supported by the Union ministry of environment and forests and the United Nations Development Programme, the entire process involved 18 months of detailed analysis, research, investigation and field studies (see box:
The first time). It would have been a futile exercise had
cse left the process at that. But the rating process is visualised as a continuing one. In 2001 the industry will be rated again. Therefore, the
grp unit felt the need to improve the rating process as well as assess what difference, if any, the previous rating had made to the industry's approach.
Anil Agarwal, director of
cse, told the assembled that the target was not to meet domestic standards. "We must know where we stand with respect to global standards," he said. Quite a few units presented information exhibiting that the industry is moving in the right direction and the rating process deserves some credit. "The project convinced us into adopting cleaner technology for our new pulping project," says S Raghuveer, manager in
itc -Bhadrachalam Paperboards Limited, Andhra Pradesh.
cse believes
grp creates a 'reputational incentive'. T S Chellam, vice president (environment), at
siv I ndustries, Tamil Nadu, confirms this, "We have submitted the rating and other observations to financial institutions and government agencies to project the positive attitude of the company towards environment related issues."
A change in the attitude is also visible at some plants. Earlier, environmental standards were, at best, adhered to and, at worst, ignored.
"grp has changed the attitude of the company. Earlier the focus was to comply with regulatory standards. However, we now aim towards bettering performances," says Santosh Kumar Singh, forest officer at the Orient Paper Mills in Madhya Pradesh. The company is currently working to ensure zero discharge of coloured effluent into river Sone."
grp 's reputation in the corporate world as a barometer of a company's environmental record has helped gain in terms of pure economics as well. "We have shown the rating we received to convince financiers into giving us loans," says R Varadhan, head corporate research and development at Ballarpur Industries, New Delhi.
Raw material and water
There are two ways of getting wood. One, buy it from government owned forests and cause depletion of the national forest cover. Two promote farm forestry and help utilise unproductive lands. "There is a lot of unproductive land which can be brought under farm forestry, " says Agarwal. In the short span of a year and half many companies have begun to alter their policy of buying wood from natural forests and move towards farm forestry.
The pulp and paper sector uses a lot of water. A cse study, conducted at the time of rating had shown freshwater consumption by large-scale Indian pulp and paper mills, at the time of rating, consumed about 250 million cubic metre (cum) of water per tonne of paper produced on an average. In the us this was only 72 million cum.
Most mills have become conscious of the value of natural resources. "We are identifying land for plantations and water conservation is a reality now," informs P Radhakrishnan, chief manager for Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited, Chennai. "Water conservation measures have reduced consumption to 100 cum per tonne of paper from the earlier 125 cum per tonne of paper.
grp' s initial endeavour has achieved much. Ashok Kumar, general manager of Star Paper Mills Limited, based in Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, says, "The proportion of fibrous raw material from plywood waste and farm forestry has been increased to 65 per cent." K S Kasi Viswanathan, senior vice president (operations), of Seshasayee Paper and Boards Limited in Erode, Tamil Nadu says, "For pulping we now procure hardwood only from human-made forests and have given up procurement from natural forests." Usually, business-persons would like to score over rivals by valuing their net-worth. Environmental astuteness, one can see, is becoming an issue to score points on.
Rating the rankings
While the companies try to improve individually, the industry as a whole suggests improvements in the rating system as well. cse is receptive to the industy's suggestions. The rating process has been interactive. They suggest the rating should be different for different types of producers as basic techniques of production differ in baseline efficiencies. Producers also ask for the criteria being discussed with them well in advance.
Sunita Narain, deputy director of cse, says, "We should take into account the sourcing of imported pulp and what impact it has on the environment of that particular country."
Agarwal believes surveyors sent out for field inspection need not be technical experts. Some companies have desired otherwise. The work is cut out for the grp unit of cse . By year 2001, it will have 58 companies, with installed capacity of above 100 tonnes of paper per day, to assess.
Reported by Kushal P S Yadav and Chandni Khanduja