New technologies to detect concealed arms and drugs
EVEN x-ray machines and
metal detection chambers
are not always able to
detect hidden guns
and knives. But if a us $2
million'sclipme of the us
Department of justice
succeeds, it will become
tougher to slip concealed
arms and drugs past security systems.
The department is evaluating 3 competing technologies to see which is t1le
closest to providing fool-proof detection kits. The 3
firms are Millitech of South
Deerfield, Massachusetts, Raytheon of Portsmouth,
Rhode Island, and the
Department of Energy Is
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
(INEL) at Idaho Falls (New Scientist, Vol 146, No 1975).
Millitech is the only company to
have demonstrated a working model,
which relies on a camera that registers
electromagnetic waves in the millimetre
range - shorter than microwaves,
but longer than infrared. It boasts of
being able to detect anything from
pistols to hypodermic needles and bags
of drugs.
Because the human body is warm, it
radiates large amounts of energy at millimetre wavelengths, explains Richard
Huguenin, Millitech's founder and
the inventor of the camera. Seen
through the camera - an array of sensitive radio receivers - people glow
brightly while other materials look much darker.
"Metals emit very little energy at
these wavelengths, but they reflect
the ambient temperature, so they
show up as 20'c shapes against the
bright 37'c body," says Huguenin.
Ceramics and plastic bags show up as
shades of grey.
The Raytheon system, which can be
demonstrated only after 2 years, will
work by firing a low-energy electromagnetic pulse, known as a Heaviside
pulse. Depending on their size,
shape and composition, different
objects reflect this pulse back in a
different way. Raytheon hopes that
these signatures may help them create
a catalogue and identify individual
guns as a person passes through the
device.
INEL'S system, which should be
ready for demonstration by '96 end,
monitors the changes in the earth's
magnetic field caused by metal objects
passing through it. "Objects such as
knives or guns cause local aberrations,"
explains INEL researcher Phil Rice.
"These anomalies will be sensed
a'nd measured by sensitive magnetic
instruments."
The new technologies look promising, but would it be just a matter of
time before devious minds outsmart them?
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