With the help of a cheap seismograph you can now monitor quakes, small or large, without taking the trouble of moving out of your backyard
EARTHQUAKES are devastating, but studying them is very fascinating. Specialists
say that a major earthquake is often
preceded by small signal tremors that
mostly go undetected. By taking
adequate precautions, damages due to
violent rolling and tumbling of the
earth can be minimised, according to
experts. That is where a new device
developed by the Analog Devices Inc
of Norwood, Massachusetts, us comes
to the forefront. With this break-
through, even amateurs can build seismographs that cost as low as us $ 100 but
are at par with the professionally
advanced ones.
The essential feature of the new seismograph is a micromachined accelerator on a silicon chip. The ADLX.05 chip
costs about us $20 and can detect amazingly small accelerations - less than
five thousandths of g (g is tJW acceleration due to earth's gravity). It can mea-
sure upto 5 g, which translates to roughly 8.0 on the Richter scale, but at that
intensity one does not need a seismograph to understand that something is
wrong. The device can detect shake rates
from 0.1 hertz ( that is, one vibration
every 10 seconds) to 100 hertz, the
vibration frequency of very strong
earthquakes.
The seismograpb uses three chips,
two for measuring horizontal acceleration and the third for measuring vertical
acceleration. These are mounted on
ordinary printed circuit boards (PCBS)
and a tab on each chip, gi@es its sensitive
axis. Two chips for measuring horizontal accelerations are mounted at right
angles to each other and the chip for the
vertical acceleration is then fixed on
another PCB perpendicular to the first
one. The device is then put into a heavy
wooden box (to give it stability) and
lowered into a hole in the ground at a
depth of about a metre.
The tremors are detected by a
change in the output voltage of the chips
and calculations accompanying the
three-chips set specify that a change of
0.4 volts signifies a change in the acceleration by one g. This very simple, 'do it
yourself model, however, is very sensitive to stray static electric charges. Users
should never directly handle the chip
without first discharging themselves,
(we often have up to 4,000 volts of static
electric charge right on our fingertips).
The new model has taken the amateur scientific community in the us by
storm and three software companies -
Vernier Software in Portland, Oregon;
BSOFT software in Columbus, Ohio and
National Instruments in Austin, Texas,
have developed interface programmes
that can digitise the voltage readings and
feed them directly into a home computer. The software costs about us $65
and these user-friendly programmes are
all set to push high-tech seismography
right into your backyards (Scientific
American, April 1996).
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